Criminal Justice in Society and Court Management

POLS 334

 

Fall 2001

Pulliam 34

TR: 2:00 – 3:15

 

        Professor:   Comparato                              

                  Office:   Faner 3165                                                                       

   Office Hours:   TWR: 8:00 – 10:00 a.m., and by appointment              

                  Phone:  453-3193

                   Email:  scompara@siu.edu 

 

Course Purpose

 

This course is designed to introduce students to the workings of the criminal justice system in the United States.  This course will focus on the key actors in the criminal justice system including the police, attorneys, and judges.  Particular emphasis will be placed on the rights of the criminally accused and evaluating how the Supreme Court defines, establishes, and protects these liberties through its interpretation of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Eighth Amendments to the Constitution. 

 

Another primary purpose of this course is to improve your critical reading, writing, and research skills.  Toward that end, the written assignments and exams will focus on improving proficiency in those areas.  In addition, emphasis is placed on classroom participation and a critical discussion of the issues found in the readings.

 

Text

 

Neubauer, David W.  2002.  America’s Courts and the Criminal Justice System.  Seventh Edition.  Belmont, CA.

 

Additional readings can be purchased in the form of a course packet from Kopies & More.

 

Course Requirements

 

Your grade will be based on your performance on two exams, a research paper, case briefs, and class participation. 

 

Contacting Me

 

You are always welcome to stop by my office during office hours to discuss questions/issues related to the course or other academic matters.  I am happy to make appointments outside of my office hours if you are unable to stop by during those times.  You may also contact me by phone or email.  I will do my best to return your call within 24 hours.  If you would like a more immediate response, I check my email frequently, and will return messages as promptly as possible.

 

Exams (Midterm 20% – Final 30%)

 

As this is an upper level course, I expect you to develop your analytical and writing skills.  The test questions are designed to challenge your ability to extrapolate from the information provided in class and in the readings, and also to convey that information in a clear, concise and effective manner.  Students who cannot take an exam at the scheduled time must inform me at least one week prior to the exam to make separate arrangements.  No student will be allowed to take the final exam prior to its scheduled date.  If you miss an exam, or fail to turn in one of the written assignments on the scheduled date without having spoken with me first, you must present a note from a physician or the University to make up that assignment.

 

Research Paper (25%)

 

You are required to write a 10-12 page research paper, that extends beyond the material covered in class.  You are expected to choose a topic related to criminal justice or defendants’ rights in America, research the question, make an argument in favor of your position, and defend it with the evidence you have amassed.  I will have more details regarding the format and content of the paper and potential resources for you to use to conduct research for this paper within the first several weeks of class.  Your research paper must be typed and printed.  I will not accept it as an email attachment.  If you do not have ready access to a computer, then you must see me during the first week of class so that separate arrangements can be discussed.  You must meet with me to have your paper topic approved by Thursday, September 13.

 

Case Briefs (15%)

 

Much of our focus this semester will be on cases decided by the Supreme Court.  Briefing will help you to better understand the cases, and make studying for the exams much easier.  You are expected to come to class every day having completed all of the reading, and having briefed the appropriate cases for that day’s topic.  Briefs will be collected randomly in order to ensure that as many students as possible are prepared for each class.  Like your research paper, all briefs must be prepared on a typewriter or word processor and printed.  I do not accept briefs via email.  Make sure to staple all briefs together and include your name on each page.  If you miss class on the day briefs are collected, you will not be allowed to submit them later, whatever the reason for your absence.  I will discuss the proper formatting and content of briefs during the first week of class. 

 

Attendance and Participation (10%)

 

Attendance in this course is required.  For many of you, this is the first time you have been exposed to Supreme Court cases.  We will devote a significant portion of class time to the discussion and analysis of those cases.  Because I feel that class time is so important, I do not offer excused absences, except for religious observance, as required by the University.  You must notify me at least three class periods prior to the day you will be absent in order to be excused from class for religious reasons.

 

For every absence, including illness, two percentage points will be deducted from your final grade.  You may prevent those points from being deducted by submitting a two-page, single spaced, analysis paper no later than one week from the day you were absent.  In the paper, you should discuss the primary issues that we were scheduled to discuss in class the day that you missed, providing a detailed analysis of the Court’s reasoning in those cases covered.  A maximum of five analysis papers may be submitted to cover absences.  Beyond five absences, two percentage points will be deducted for every additional absence. Simply put, there is no such thing as excused absences in this class.

 

If you have a situation that will force you to miss an exam, then you must notify me immediately so that separate arrangements can be made.  I will reschedule exams for students in only the most exceptional of circumstances.  If it involves a health issue, I require documented proof of your illness.

 

I also do not tolerate tardiness.  If you enter class late, I consider that an absence, and points will be deducted accordingly.  If you have circumstances that dictate chronic absence or tardiness, I strongly suggest that you reevaluate your decision to take this class.

 

Mere attendance in class is not sufficient; you must be an active member of the class.  In order to receive credit for this portion of your grade you must show a willingness to engage the material in class, discussing cases in a critical manner.  I expect volunteers to lead discussion on cases that are assigned.  I will also call on students to present the facts of the case and to provide an analysis of the Court’s decision.  Reading the course material thoroughly and coming to class prepared to discuss cases is expected, and essential to learning the material and being successful in this class.

 

Student Conduct

 

Students should behave in a professional and courteous manner at all times.  Students are expected to turn off all cell phones and pagers when entering class.  It is essential that students feel comfortable in the classroom.  I expect all students to be tolerant of all other students and their views.  Disagreement is expected and encouraged, but always remain respectful of your fellow students and the professor.  Any student behaving in a manner that is in any way disruptive or inappropriate will be removed.

 

Academic Integrity

 

You are responsible for your own work!  It is considered cheating to submit someone else’s work as your own.  Using information from another source (book, article, internet site, another student, etc.) without properly crediting the author is plagiarism.  Direct quotations, paraphrased information, and the general use of another person’s idea must be properly referenced in your work.  Submission of material that is not your own will result in a failing grade in this course.  During exams, you are not allowed external aids (notes, books, etc.).  The penalty for violations such as plagiarism, cheating, or other misconduct will result in a failing grade in the course, and may result in a formal charge of misconduct as outlined in the Student Conduct Code, possibly leading to further sanctions.

 

If you have any questions about what constitutes cheating and plagiarism, contact the Southern Illinois University office of Academic Advising, or view the policies and procedures of the University online at:  http://www.siu.edu/~advise/policies.html.

 

Disabilities

 

Students with disabilities who require individualized testing or other accommodations should identify themselves to me immediately.  Every effort will be made to accommodate your needs.

 

Grading

 

     Midterm Exam      100 points (20%)

          Final Exam      150 points (30%)

   Research Paper      125 points (25%)

          Case Briefs      75 points (15%)

        Participation      50 points (10%)

                  Total      500 points

 

Grading Scale (Percentages)

 

      A   90 – 100

      B   80 – 89

      C   70 – 79

      D   60 – 69

      F    59 – Below

 

Course Schedule[1]

 

August 23rd           I.      Introduction to Courts and the Criminal Justice System

August 28th                

                                                A.        The Role of the Court in the Criminal Justice System

                                         

                                                B.  Approaches to Supreme Court Decision-Making

 

                                                C.  Legal Advocacy

 

                                                D.  Legal Research and Briefing Cases

 

                                                E.   Powers and Constraints

                                                      ·    Epstein & Walker, pp. 61 – 75

                                                      ·    Cases: Marbury v. Madison[2]

 

September 4th    II.      Outline of the Criminal Justice System

September 11th                          

                                                A.  The Nature and Purpose of Criminal Law

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 26 – 57     

                                               

                                                B.  Federal Courts

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 58 – 88

 

                                                C.  State Courts

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 89 – 110

 

                                                D.  Scope and Issues of Lower Courts

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 478 – 500

 

September 13th III.      Important Actors in the Criminal Justice System

September 20th

                                                A.  The Courthouse Dynamic

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 111 – 136

 

                                                B.   Prosecutors

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 137 – 165

 

                                                C.  Defense Attorneys

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 166 – 190

 

                                                D.  Judges

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 191 – 219

 

                                                E.   Defendants and Victims

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 220 – 243

 

September 25th IV.      The Fourth Amendment: Protections Against    

October 9th                      Unreasonable Searches and Seizures

                                                       

                                                A.  Overview and Introduction

 

                                                B.   Pre-Trial

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 245 – 273

                                         

                                                C.  Search and Seizure

 

                                                      1.)  Searches with Warrants: Probable Cause

                                                            ·    Cases: Illinois v. Gates

                                         

                                                      2.)  Searches Incident to a Valid Arrest

                                                            ·    Cases: Chimel v. California.

                                                            ·    Bain, “Walking While Black” (packet)      

 

                                                      3.)  Loss of Evidence

                                                            ·    Cases: Rochin v. California, Schmerber v. California, Cupp v. Murphy, Winston v. Lee, Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Association

 

                                                      4.)  Consent Searches

                                                            ·    Cases: Bumper v. North Carolina, Stoner v. California, United States v. Matlock, Illinois v. Rodriguez

 

                                                      5.)  Safety Searches

                                                            ·    Cases:  Terry v. Ohio, Adams v. Williams, Minnesota v. Dickerson

 

                                                      6.)  “Place” Searches

 

                                                            a.)  Origins

                                                                  ·    Case:  Katz v. United States

 

                                                            b.)  Cars

                                                                  ·    Cases:  Chambers v. Maroney, South Dakota v. Opperman, California v. Acevedo.

 

                                                            c.)  Fields

                                                                  ·    Case:  Oliver v. United States

 

                                                            d.)  Drug Testing

                                                                  ·    Cases:  Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton,

 

                                                D.  Enforcing the Fourth Amendment: The Exclusionary Rule

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 298 – 321

                                                      ·    Cases: Mapp v. Ohio, United States v. Leon, Massachusetts v. Sheppard, Nix v. Williams

 

                                                E.   Bail     

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 274 – 297

                                                      ·    Case: US v. Salerno

 
Midterm Review, Thursday October 11th

 

Midterm Examination, Tuesday October 16th

 

 

October 18th       V.      The Fifth Amendment: The Privilege Against Self-       
October 25th                    Incrimination

                                         

                                                A.  Overview

 

                                                B.  Self-Incrimination and Police Interrogations

                                                      ·    Cases: Brown v. Mississippi, Escobedo v. Illinois, Miranda v. Arizona, Dickerson v. US

 

                                                C.  Post-Miranda

 

                                                      1.)  Custody

                                                            ·    Cases: Oregon v. Mathiason, Berkemer v. McCarty

 

                                                      2.)  Interrogation

                                                            ·    Cases: Brewer v. Williams, Rhode Island v. Innis

 

                                                      3.)  Incriminating Statements

                                                            ·    Cases: Oregon v. Elstad, Moran v. Burbine

 

Fall Break:  October 30th – November 1st

 

November 6th       VI.      The Sixth Amendment: The Right to Counsel       

 

                                                A.  Indigents and the Right to Counsel

                                                      ·    Cases: Powell v. Alabama, Gideon v. Wainwright

 

                                                B.  Ineffective Counsel

                                                      ·    Cases: Strickland v. Washington

 

                                                     

November 8th     VII.      The Criminal Trial

November 15th         

                                                A.  Pre-Trial Stages

                                                      ·    Case: United States v. Salerno

 

                                                B.  Overview of the Trial Process   

 

                                                C.  Rights Associated with Trial

 

                                                      1.)  Speedy Trial    

                                                            ·    Cases: United States v. Marion, Barker v. Wingo

                                         

                                                      2.)  Right to Confront Witnesses

                                                            ·    Cases: Pointer v. Texas, Illinois v. Allen

 

November 20th VIII.    Decision-Making and Sentencing              

November 29th         

                                                A.  Plea Bargaining

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 322 – 347

                                                      ·    Cases: Brady v. United States.

                                         

                                                B.  Juries and Fair Trials

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 348 – 381

                                                      ·    Cases: Batson v. Kentucky, Georgia v. McCollum, Sheppard v. Maxwell, Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia

 

                                                C.  Limitations on Sentencing: Cruel and Unusual Punishment

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 383 – 414

                                                      ·    Cases: Gregg v. Georgia, McCleskey v. Kemp,  Solem v. Helm.

                                                      ·    Males and Macallair, “Striking Out: The Failure of California’s ‘Three Strikes and You’re Out’ Law”

                                                      ·    Wills, “The Dramaturgy of Death”

 

                                                D.  Sentencing

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 415 – 449

 

December 4th       IX.      Post-Conviction    

 

                                                Retrial and Double Jeopardy

                                                      ·    Case:  Ashe v. Swenson.

 

December 6th         X.      Criminal Appeals

 

                                                      ·    Neubauer, pp. 452 – 477

 

December 6th                  **Research Papers Due**

 

 

Important Dates

 

             Midterm Exam:            Tuesday, October 16th

     Research Paper:            Thursday, December 6th

                Final Exam:            Thursday, December 13th, 3:10 p.m. – 5:10 p.m.  

 

                     No Class:            August 30th (APSA Meeting);

                                                      October 30th and November 1st (Fall Break);

                                                      November 22nd (Thanksgiving).

 

 

 



[1] I reserve the right to make changes to this syllabus as necessary.

[2] Virtually all of the cases we discuss this semester can be found in the course packet.